Specialistsarenotoverratedtoday.Moregeneralistsmaybeneeded,butnottoovershadowthespecialists.Generalistscanprovideagreatdealofinformationonmanytopicsofinterestwithabroadrangeofideas.Peoplewholookattheoverallviewofthingscanhelpwithsomeofthelargeproblemsoursocietyfacestoday.Butspecialistsarenecessarytogainabetterunderstandingofmoreindepthmethodstosolveproblemsorfixingthings.
Onegoodexampleofwhyspecialistsarenotoverratedisinthemedicalfield.Doctorsarenecessaryforpeopletolivehealthylives.Whenapersonissick,hemaygotoageneralpractitionertofindoutthecauseofhisproblems.Usually,thiskindof"generalized"doctorcanhelpmostailmentswithsimpleandeffectivetreatments.Sometimes,though,asicknessmaygobeyondafamilydoctor’sknowledgeortheprescribedtreatmentsdon’tworkthewaytheyshould.Whenasicknessprogressesorbecomesdiagnosedasadiseasethatrequiresmorecarethanafamilydoctorcanprovide,hemaybereferredtoaspecialist.Forinstance,apersonwithconstantbreathingproblemsthatrequirehospitalizationmaybesuggestedtovisitanasthmaspecialist.Sinceafamilydoctorhasagreatdealofknowledgeofmedicine,hecandecidewhenhismethodsarenoteffectiveandthepatientneedstoseesomeonewhoknowsmoreaboutthespecificproblem;someonewhoknowshowitbegins,progresses,andspecifiedtreatments.Thisisanexcellentexampleofhowageneralizedpersonmaynotbeequippedenoughtohandlesomethingaswellasaspecializedonecan.
Anotherexampleofaspecialistwhoisneededinsteadofageneralistinvolvesteaching.Ingrammarschool,childrenlearnallthebasicprinciplesofreading,writing,andarithematic.Butaschildrengetolderandprogressinschool,theygainabetterunderstandingofthelanguageandmathematicalprocesses.Astheyearsinschoolincrease,theyneedtolearnmoreandmorespecificsanddetailsaboutvarioussubjects.Theystartoutbylearningbasicmathconceptssuchasaddition,subtraction,division,andmultiplication.Afewyearslater,theyarereadytobeginalgebraicconcepts,geometry,andcalculus.Theyarealsoreadytolearnmoreadvancedvocabulary,theprinciplesofhowalllifeiscomposedandhowitfunctions.Oneteacherorprofessorcannotprovideasmuchindepthdiscussiononallofthesetopicsaswellasonewhohaslearnedthespecificsandstudiedmainlytoknoweverythingthatiscurrentlyknownaboutoneofthesesubjects.Generalizedteachersarerequiredtobeginmoldingstudentsataveryearlyagesotheycangetreadyforthefutureaheadofthemingainingmorefactsaboutthebasicsubjectsandfindingoutnewfactsontheoldones.
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Theessaypresentsastronganalysisofthecomplexitiesoftheissue. 中华考试网(www．liuxue86。com)
Thiswriter’sargumentisrootedintwoextendedexamples,bothofwhicharewellchosenandeffective.Theexampleinparagraph2beginswithadiscussionoftheneedinthemedicalfieldforgeneralpractitionersaswellasspecialistsandmovesintoanexamplewithintheexample(breathingproblemsandtheneedforanasthmaspecialist)toillustratethepoint.Thisextensionfromthegeneraltothespecificalsocharacterizestheexampleinparagraph3.Overall,theessayiswell-organized,inpartbecausethewriterconnectsideasthroughtheuseofappropriatetransitions:"but,""usually,"and"forinstance,"amongothers.
Whilethewriterhandleslanguageandsyntaxwell,severalbothersomeproblemskeepthisotherwisewell-arguedpaperoutofthe6category.Theproblemsvaryfromthelackofapronounreferent("Whenasicknessprogressesorbecomesdiagnosed,...hemaybereferredtoaspecialist")toanerrorinparallelstructure("...howitbegins,progressesandspecifiedtreatments"),toloosesyntaxandimpreciselanguage("Generalizedteachersarerequiredtobeginmoldingstudentsataveryearlyagesotheycangetreadyforthefutureaheadofthemingainingmorefactsaboutthebasicsubjectsand...")