2012新GRE阅读题型之细节题全攻略（2）
强对比取非题。
这类题的主要特点是，原文中有强对比的双方，题干只问及其中的一方，但是原文没有给出关于这方的叙述，而说了这方的强对比另一方的特征，所以答案却是对另一方叙述的取非。强对比关系层次比较多，例如，处于不同时间、历史时期、年代的事物通常其特点呈强对比；处于相对的地域、空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比；新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比；用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等。针对这类题目，在第一篇读文章的时候及时敏锐地发现它们并在文中做好标记，为解题时回到文中定位做好充分地准备。这些强对比出现地地方，通常会伴随着一些表示这类强对比关系的标志性词语，如unlike, in contrast to, be distinguished from, used to, new, current, once, until recently, only, unique, never……
根据强对比层次的不同，大体上将其分为：简单明示强对比、时间壮语强对比和优缺点强对比。下面就此进行具体分析：
简单明示强对比
这类强对比属于普通的强对比，如文中说“A, unlike B; “C, in contrast to D, is…”等，这些都是明示强对比。下面我们用一个例子来具体说明：
Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them……
The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to_____
(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm
(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses www.examｗ.com
(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government
(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors
(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts
分析：
在原文中，并没有提到大企业投标失败会如何，但是文中提到了小企业的情况，标志性的词语是unlike large businesses, 这就表明文中进行了强对比，通过这句话，“since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them”，我们知道，小企业将会有财政和士气上的风险。根据这样的对比关系，大企业的情况应该与小企业的情况相反，所以，正确答案应该是A. 即“大企业会有一些波折，但是没有致命的财政影响”。